Apartment Owners & Syndicators

Multifamily Cost Segregation

By Howard Krieger, MBA, former ASA, Managing Director, ClickDrag Finance. Updated .

Multifamily cost segregation moves typically 20–30% of the depreciable basis (purchase price plus construction costs, less land) out of the 27.5-year schedule into 5- and 15-year property: unit appliances, removable flooring, cabinetry and site improvements. In a syndication those deductions reach each investor on Schedule K-1, usable only within the basis, at-risk and passive-activity limits.

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ClickDrag Finance: multifamily cost segregation

Typically 20–30% reclassified

A multifamily study typically moves 20–30% of the depreciable basis (purchase price plus construction costs, less land) from 27.5-year into 5- and 15-year property; the first-year deduction that follows depends on the bonus-depreciation percentage for the acquisition date.

K-1 passthrough to LPs

Accelerated depreciation flows through Form 1065 to each partner's Schedule K-1. A partner can deduct its share of the loss only up to its basis in the partnership interest (§704(d)) and its amount at risk (§465, which counts qualified nonrecourse financing secured by real property under §465(b)(6)), and a limited partner’s interest is generally treated as passive (§469(h)(2)), so the loss offsets passive income, with any loss the passive-activity rules disallow carried forward to the next year (§469(b)); a general partner or an LLC member is passive or not depending on material participation.

Fully documented

Built to the IRS Cost Segregation ATG with a full component-level asset listing, recovery-period rationale, and supporting documentation.

Typically 15–20 business days

The study is typically delivered 15–20 business days after complete documents are in.

Why do multifamily investors use cost segregation?

Residential rental property is assigned a 27.5-year straight-line life under MACRS. That's faster than commercial's 39 years — but a cost segregation study goes further. It identifies the components inside the property that the IRS recognizes as short-lived: unit appliances, carpet and other readily removable flooring, cabinetry, and dedicated electrical (5-year), plus exterior paving, fencing, landscaping, and outdoor amenities built on land (15-year).

Combined with IRC §168(k) bonus depreciation, which is 100% for qualified property acquired after January 19, 2025, unless the owner elects out, those reclassified assets can be deducted in the year the property is placed in service, even if it was acquired mid-year. For a syndication, the deduction is allocated to the partners on Schedule K-1. A partner can deduct its share of the loss only up to its basis in the partnership interest (§704(d)) and its amount at risk (§465, which counts qualified nonrecourse financing secured by real property under §465(b)(6)), and a limited partner’s interest is generally treated as passive (§469(h)(2)), so the loss offsets passive income, with any loss the passive-activity rules disallow carried forward to the next year (§469(b)); a general partner or an LLC member is passive or not depending on material participation.

Multifamily assetReclassified to
Unit appliances (range, refrigerator, dishwasher)5-year
Carpet, sheet vinyl & other readily removable flooring (not ceramic tile)5-year
Kitchen & bath cabinetry and millwork5-year
Window treatments & blinds5-year
Dedicated appliance & specialty circuit wiring5-year
Exterior paving, parking lots & drive aisles15-year
Fencing & pole-mounted site lighting15-year
Landscaping, irrigation & site improvements15-year
Outdoor pools, courts & other amenities built on land15-year

How does cost segregation work on a renovated or value-add apartment building?

A renovation is new basis, so a cost segregation study treats it like a second acquisition: the renovation's cost is sorted into 5-year property (appliances, carpet and other readily removable flooring, cabinetry) and 27.5-year property (structural work), each placed in service when the unit or phase is ready for use. Qualified improvement property is a nonresidential category, so interior work in an apartment building is not 15-year qualified improvement property.

Bonus depreciation on the renovation's 5- and 15-year property is 100% for qualified property acquired after January 19, 2025, unless the owner elects out; work done by the owner, or under a contract signed before the work began, is acquired when physical work of a significant nature begins. Bonus depreciation under IRC §168(k) is 100%, permanently, for qualified property acquired after January 19, 2025 (OBBBA, 2025-07-04), or, for self-constructed property, whose construction began after that date; qualified property acquired on or before that date stays on the TCJA phase-down (as does self-constructed property begun on or before it) by placed-in-service year: 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, 40% in 2025, 20% in 2026, and 0% after that, with each rate one year later for long-production-period property and certain aircraft (§168(k)(6)(B)).

When a renovation replaces components the owner is already depreciating, such as old cabinets or flooring, Treas. Reg. §1.168(i)-8(d)(2) lets the owner elect to treat the replaced part as disposed of and deduct its remaining basis, by reporting the disposition on a timely filed original return (including extensions) for the year it happens; a cost segregation study is one reasonable way to establish the replaced part's basis under §1.168(i)-8(f)(3). Confirm the election and its timing with your tax advisor.

Where can I get a cost segregation study for my apartment complex?

You can order a cost segregation study for an apartment complex online from ClickDrag Finance, from another online service or from an engineering firm; which fits depends on the complex's purchase price plus construction costs.

The cost segregation study is for a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total up to $250 million: for a CPA or tax advisor with a client's property at any total up to that limit, and for an owner when that total is $2.0 million or more. The cost segregation workpaper is for rental or business property: for an owner whose property's purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million, and for a CPA or tax advisor ordering for a client whose property is under $2.0 million, from the client-order form.

The qualifier questionnaire asks about the property and points to the product that fits. For a building held by a Qualified Opportunity Fund or its qualified opportunity zone business, how the study's timing and recapture work is on Opportunity Zone cost segregation.

What's the best cost segregation company for a small apartment building?

For a small apartment building, the best fit is the provider whose product covers the building's purchase price plus construction costs, because that figure, not the unit count, decides which product applies: ClickDrag Finance has no unit-count limit, many providers state their own size limits, and the table below runs from the smallest buildings to the largest.

Other providers’ published prices for multifamily and short-term rentals, each read on the provider’s own page, are compared in best cost segregation for multifamily and short-term rentals.

Purchase price plus construction costsOur productWhat other providers' pages state
Under $2.0 millionThe $499* workpaper, ordered by the owner or by a CPA or advisor for a client; a CPA or advisor can also order the $15,000 study for a client's property at this size.Online services publish prices from $495 for a residential rental (Cost Seg Smart and KBKG's CostSegregation.com, read October 22, 2026); six of the ten online services compared state a size or eligibility limit on their own page (read October 22, 2026), so check each one's limits.
$2.0 million to $250 millionThe $15,000 study, a fixed fee, ordered by the owner or by a CPA or advisor for a client.Engineering firms: R.E. Cost Seg — Fully Engineered lists from $2,320 (residential) and from $2,730 (commercial) with a 30–60 minute virtual inspection; in person for an additional fee (read October 22, 2026); of the other engineering firms compared, five publish a price or a range and two quote on request (read October 22, 2026 to October 23, 2026).
Above $250 millionThe study is scoped on a call with an advisor and quoted after the call.Ask each provider for its scope and price at this size.

*For a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million.

Each provider's price, site visit, signature and audit support, as its own page states them and with the date each was read, are in the best cost segregation companies compared.

How does a cost segregation deduction reach limited partners?

01

Study completed at acquisition

The cost segregation study is typically delivered 15–20 business days after the close documents are in, so accelerated deductions are captured in the property's first tax year.

02

Deductions flow through Form 1065

The partnership return reflects the accelerated depreciation from reclassified 5- and 15-year assets. Each investor's K-1 shows their share, usable only within the basis, at-risk and passive-activity limits.

03

LPs use it within their limits

A partner can deduct its share of the loss only up to its basis in the partnership interest (§704(d)) and its amount at risk (§465, which counts qualified nonrecourse financing secured by real property under §465(b)(6)), and a limited partner’s interest is generally treated as passive (§469(h)(2)), so the loss offsets passive income, with any loss the passive-activity rules disallow carried forward to the next year (§469(b)); a general partner or an LLC member is passive or not depending on material participation.

What does the arithmetic look like on an apartment building?

This is a hypothetical illustration, not a projection for any property. Take an apartment building with $8,500,000 of depreciable basis (purchase price plus construction costs, less land), and assume, only for the arithmetic, that a cost segregation study classifies 20% of it ($1,700,000) as 5- and 15-year property, the low end of the multifamily planning band. With no study, the whole basis deducts about $309,091 in a full year over 27.5 years.

Bonus depreciation is 100% for qualified property acquired after January 19, 2025, unless the owner elects out, so in this hypothetical the $1,700,000 can be deducted in the year the building is placed in service; the remaining $6,800,000 stays 27.5-year property and deducts about $247,273 in a full year (the first and last years use the mid-month convention). Property acquired on or before that date gets the phase-down rate for its placed-in-service year, shown below.

Cost segregation accelerates deductions; over the life of the building the same basis is recovered. On a taxable sale at a gain, recapture applies, up to the amount of that gain, however long the property was held, outside the Opportunity Zone 10-year rule (a qualifying investment held 10 years with the IRC §1400Z-2(c) election): §1245 recapture on the 5- and 7-year property is ordinary income, as is §1250 recapture of the depreciation taken above straight-line (bonus included) on 15-year land improvements held more than one year, and the rest of the depreciation on those land improvements and on the 27.5- or 39-year structure is unrecaptured §1250 gain, taxed at up to 25% for a noncorporate taxpayer.

What bonus depreciation rate applies to an apartment building in 2026?

Bonus depreciation under IRC §168(k) applies to the 5- and 15-year property your study identifies. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (enacted July 4, 2025) restored 100% bonus depreciation on a permanent basis for property acquired after January 19, 2025; IRS Notice 2026-11 confirms the acquired-date test turns on the date the written binding contract became binding, not the closing date. Property acquired on or before January 19, 2025 stays on the TCJA phase-down below — so for an apartment community the date the written binding contract became binding, not the calendar year, decides which rate the reclassified property gets.

60%

PIS 2024

acquired ≤ Jan 19, 2025

40%

PIS 2025

acquired ≤ Jan 19, 2025

20%

PIS 2026

acquired ≤ Jan 19, 2025

100%

Acquired after Jan 19, 2025

permanent (OBBBA)

Does a cost segregation study have to be finished by December 31 to reach limited partners' K-1s?

A cost segregation study on an apartment building that a calendar-year partnership placed in service (ready and available for its intended use) by December 31 reaches the limited partners through the partnership's return for that year, which allocates each partner's share of the depreciation on Schedule K-1, usable by each limited partner only within the partner's basis (§704(d)), at-risk (§465) and passive-activity (§469) limits. The study therefore has to be finished before the partnership files that return for its result to be on that original return; it does not have to be finished in the same calendar year.

  • The partnership return. For a calendar-year partnership, Form 1065 and the partners' Schedules K-1 are due March 15 of the following year, and Form 7004 extends the time to file them to September 15, an extension of time to file, not to pay; the partnership itself generally owes no federal income tax, because its income and deductions pass through to the partners (§701), but a required return filed late generally carries a penalty for each partner for each month it is late, up to 12 months, unless the failure is due to reasonable cause (§6698). A due date that falls on a weekend or legal holiday moves to the next business day (§7503).
  • The limited partners' own returns. A limited partner who is a calendar-year individual files Form 1040 by April 15, and if the K-1 has not arrived by then the partner can request an extension (Form 4868), which is an extension of time to file, not to pay, so tax the partner owes is still due April 15.
  • Buildings and phases in lease-up. An apartment community completed in phases is placed in service phase by phase, as each building or phase is ready and available for rent, so a phase that is not ready until January is first depreciated on the next year's return.
  • A building placed in service in an earlier year. For an apartment building the partnership placed in service in an earlier tax year and still owns, a look-back study's catch-up deduction goes on the partnership's return for the year of change and is allocated to the partners. Under the automatic change procedures of Rev. Proc. 2015-13 and section 6.01 of Rev. Proc. 2025-23, the missed depreciation is claimed on Form 3115 with no amended returns when the property has been depreciated on two or more filed returns, or on one filed return if the taxpayer placed it in service in the tax year immediately before the year of change (the year of the return the Form 3115 is filed with), and the taxpayer still owned the property at the start of the year of change and meets the other eligibility rules.

None of this is a reason to buy a building or to rush units into service for the deduction alone: the placed-in-service date should follow when the units are actually ready to rent.

The full list of year-end checks is in the year-end cost segregation checklist, and these articles explain the rules above:

Whether a cost segregation study is likely to fit the building is what the cost segregation qualifier shows.

Multifamily cost segregation FAQ

How many units do you handle — is there a minimum or maximum unit count?

There is no unit-count limit. A 5-unit building, a 20-unit property and a 500-unit portfolio are all in scope, and the same document-driven method applies to each. What varies is which product fits, not eligibility: the cost segregation study covers a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total up to $250 million, and above that the scope is agreed on a call with an advisor first. There is no hard minimum, though below roughly $500,000 of depreciable basis a study priced in the thousands of dollars often costs more than it returns — that figure is a pricing threshold, not a tax rule, and it is lower for a lower-priced report.

How much of an apartment building can be reclassified through cost segregation?

For most garden-style and mid-rise apartment buildings, the share that can be reclassified out of the 27.5-year schedule is typically 20–30% of the depreciable basis (purchase price plus construction costs, less land), moving into 5-year personal property (unit fixtures, appliances, carpet and other readily removable flooring) and 15-year land improvements (paving, fencing, landscaping, pole-mounted site lighting). High-amenity Class A properties often reach the upper end of that range due to more short-life interior finishes.

How does cost segregation work for a real estate syndication?

The partnership claims the accelerated depreciation on its return (Form 1065) and allocates it to each investor on Schedule K-1 under the partnership agreement, commonly in proportion to ownership. A partner can deduct its share of the loss only up to its basis in the partnership interest (§704(d)) and its amount at risk (§465, which counts qualified nonrecourse financing secured by real property under §465(b)(6)), and a limited partner’s interest is generally treated as passive (§469(h)(2)), so the loss offsets passive income, with any loss the passive-activity rules disallow carried forward to the next year (§469(b)); a general partner or an LLC member is passive or not depending on material participation. So, in a hypothetical illustration, not a projection for any property, a partnership with $3 million of first-year deductions allocates $300,000 to a 10% limited partner, and whether that partner can use it this year depends on those limits.

Does bonus depreciation still apply to multifamily in 2026?

Yes, in 2026, for the 5-year and 15-year property a cost segregation study reclassifies, at the rate its acquisition date allows. Bonus depreciation under IRC §168(k) is 100%, permanently, for qualified property acquired after January 19, 2025 (OBBBA, 2025-07-04), or, for self-constructed property, whose construction began after that date; qualified property acquired on or before that date stays on the TCJA phase-down (as does self-constructed property begun on or before it) by placed-in-service year: 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, 40% in 2025, 20% in 2026, and 0% after that, with each rate one year later for long-production-period property and certain aircraft (§168(k)(6)(B)). For that test the acquired date is not the closing date: under IRS Notice 2026-11 property bought under a written binding contract is acquired on the latest of the date the contract was signed, the date it became enforceable under state law, the end of any cancellation period and the date any contingency was satisfied, under a contract that is not binding (for example, one that limits damages to a specified amount) it is generally when more than 10 percent of the total cost, excluding land and preliminary activities, has been paid or incurred, and self-constructed property, including property built for the taxpayer under a written binding contract signed before construction began, is acquired when physical work of a significant nature begins (Treas. Reg. §1.168(k)-2(b)(5)); and used property qualifies only if the taxpayer had not used it at any time before acquiring it and the acquisition meets the §179(d) purchase rules that §168(k)(2)(E)(i) applies (for example, it was not acquired from a related party, by gift or inheritance, or with a carryover basis).

Can cost segregation be done after purchase (look-back study)?

Yes, for a property you placed in service in an earlier tax year and still own. Under the automatic change procedures of Rev. Proc. 2015-13 and section 6.01 of Rev. Proc. 2025-23, the missed depreciation is claimed on Form 3115 with no amended returns when the property has been depreciated on two or more filed returns, or on one filed return if the taxpayer placed it in service in the tax year immediately before the year of change (the year of the return the Form 3115 is filed with), and the taxpayer still owned the property at the start of the year of change and meets the other eligibility rules. The catch-up deduction is a §481(a) adjustment on the current return; this is sometimes called a "look-back" study and can produce a large one-time deduction even on a property held for several years.

How is a multifamily cost segregation study documented?

With a component-by-component asset listing: the $15,000 study lists each component with its cost basis, recovery period and the IRS classification rationale for it, built on the methodology in the IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide (ATG). The $15,000 cost segregation study is document-driven: it applies an engineering principles-based methodology, the cost classification approach described in the IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide (Publication 5653), to the property's own documents and to photographs linked to the components they support, with a qualified human review of every component.

How much does a multifamily cost segregation study cost?

The $499* cost segregation workpaper covers a rental property, ordered by the owner or by a CPA or advisor for a client (*for a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million). Our $15,000 study covers a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total up to $250 million; an owner whose property is under $2.0 million is offered the workpaper instead. Above $250 million in purchase price plus construction costs, the study is scoped on a call with an advisor, and if you are not sure of the figure, Howard reaches out personally.

Other providers’ published prices for multifamily and short-term rentals, each read on the provider’s own page, are compared in best cost segregation for multifamily and short-term rentals.

When are K-1s due for a partnership waiting on a cost segregation study, and can the deadline be extended?

For a calendar-year partnership, Form 1065 and the partners' Schedules K-1 are due March 15 of the following year, and Form 7004 extends the time to file them to September 15, an extension of time to file, not to pay; the cost segregation study has to be finished before the partnership files that return for its depreciation to be on the K-1s, where each partner can use its share only within the partner's basis (§704(d)), at-risk (§465) and passive-activity (§469) limits.

Is ClickDrag Finance's multifamily cost segregation study engineering-based?

In its method, yes, for the study: ClickDrag Finance's multifamily study applies an engineering principles-based methodology to your documents and photographs. The $15,000 cost segregation study is document-driven: it applies an engineering principles-based methodology, the cost classification approach described in the IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide (Publication 5653), to the property's own documents and to photographs linked to the components they support, with a qualified human review of every component.

What audit support comes with a multifamily cost segregation study?

The audit support that comes with our $15,000 multifamily cost segregation study is the study itself. The deliverable itself is the support: the written study, with its methodology, cost sources and per-component classification rationale. For the $499* workpaper, the support is the workpaper and its stated procedures. *For a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million.

On the cost segregation audit support page, the providers whose own pages state audit support as included, with the date each page was read: Which companies offer audit support with multifamily cost segregation studies?

Who offers affordable cost segregation studies for duplex owners?

ClickDrag Finance's $499* cost segregation report covers a duplex held as a rental property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million. The cost segregation workpaper is for rental or business property: for an owner whose property's purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million, and for a CPA or tax advisor ordering for a client whose property is under $2.0 million, from the client-order form. It is a workpaper for the taxpayer's tax preparer, prepared from the information the buyer provides, reviewed before release. Other online services publish their own prices, each with its own basis or unit limits; each provider's price and limits, with the date they were read, are in our comparison of the best cost segregation companies. If you live in one of the two units, ask your tax preparer how the rented unit is treated before you order. A cost segregation study is worth it when three conditions hold together: the basis is large enough for the accelerated deductions to outweigh the cost of the study, the deduction is usable this year given the owner's passive-activity position, and the hold is long enough to survive recapture. All three, or the honest answer is no. *For a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million.

Ready to accelerate your multifamily depreciation?

Document-driven, human-reviewed cost segregation for apartment buildings and syndications, typically delivered 15–20 business days after complete documents are in.

ClickDrag Finance as your multifamily cost segregation provider

We run cost segregation on apartment buildings and multifamily syndications, where 20–30% of the depreciable basis (purchase price plus construction costs, less land) typically reclassifies out of the 27.5-year residential rental bucket into 5- and 15-year property. No unit-count limit — a 5-unit building and a 500-unit portfolio are both in scope.

Apartments and multifamily are residential rental property under IRC §168(e)(2)(A) and depreciate over 27.5 years, not 39.

Price
$499 for a cost segregation workpaper on a rental property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2,000,000 — a workpaper for the taxpayer's tax preparer, reviewed before release, typically ready 3–5 business days after all required documents are in. $15,000 for the cost segregation study, for a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total up to $250,000,000 — qualified human review and oversight, typically delivered 15–20 business days after complete documents are in. Above $250,000,000, the scope is agreed on a call with an advisor before any price is quoted. Both are offered to owners and to CPAs or advisors acting for a client; the property's purchase price plus construction costs decide which one applies.
Eligibility
No unit-count limit and no hard minimum. A cost segregation study is worth it when three conditions hold together: the basis is large enough for the accelerated deductions to outweigh the fee (roughly $500K of basis for a study priced in the thousands of dollars, which is a pricing threshold rather than a tax rule, and lower for a lower-priced report), the deduction is usable this year given the owner's passive-activity position, and the hold is long enough to survive recapture. All three, or the honest answer is no.
What is included
Component-level classification documented to the IRS Cost Segregation Audit Techniques Guide, reconciled to your depreciable basis, with a depreciation schedule and a fixed-asset import template for your CPA, built from your documents and from photographs linked to the components they support.
Payment
The workpaper is paid in full at checkout; a study starts with a call and a proposal. All fees are non-refundable except as required by applicable law (see our terms).

Start your cost segregation study · Full pricing and eligibility · How we compare to other providers, including where a cheaper one is the better buy

Educational information, not tax advice. No estimate is a completed cost segregation study.

Who reviews and who signs a ClickDrag Finance cost segregation study?

Question$499* workpaper$15,000 study
Who reviews it?It is reviewed before release.A qualified human review of every component, with a project manager on the engagement.
Who signs it?It is a workpaper for the taxpayer's tax preparer, prepared from the information the buyer provides.ClickDrag Finance signs the study (black label), and its signer block names its preparers: Howard Krieger (MBA, former ASA), Managing Director; and Robert H. Hutchins (CPA (Inactive), CVA (Emeritus)), Senior Tax Advisor.
Does a cost segregation study include a site visit?It is prepared from the documents and photographs the buyer provides.It can include a site visit, by appointment, and a visit is preferred; when a site visit is not feasible because of cost or timing, the property is documented from its own records and from photographs linked to the components they support, and each photograph’s embedded date and location data are read and recorded.
What audit support comes with it?The workpaper and its stated procedures.The deliverable itself is the support: the written study, with its methodology, cost sources and per-component classification rationale.

*For a property whose purchase price plus construction costs total under $2.0 million.

Our terms set out the terms of each product.

Disclaimer: The information provided on this platform is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute tax, financial, legal, or investment advice. Cost segregation studies and depreciation benefits vary based on property type, ownership structure, and applicable federal and state tax law. Results are estimates only. You should consult a qualified tax professional, CPA, or attorney before making any tax-related decisions. ClickDrag Finance does not guarantee specific tax outcomes.